WiFi也能充电？！这个神奇操作的原理
<img src="https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/RJjEHSW5txaaJI" img_width="634" img_height="416" alt="WiFi也能充电？！这是什么神奇操作" inline="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">图片来自mit.edu</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">撰文 | 王 烁</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">责编 | 叶水送</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">● ● ●</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等电子设备，已成为我们生活中必不可少的一部分，然而使用他们时，也需随身携带一大堆充电设备，令人头痛不已。假如Wi-Fi也可用来充电，那大部分电器电量不足的烦恼岂不是迎刃而解？</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这一设想有些天方夜谭，但近日，来自麻省理工大学、马德里理工大学以及其他研究机构的科学家在《自然》（<em style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal;">Nature</em>）杂志发文，称Wi-Fi信号可被转变为电能，为电子设备充电。这一发现在无线充电技术方面取得了突破性进展。</p><img src="https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/RJjEHSl2xFyEfr" img_width="573" img_height="384" alt="WiFi也能充电？！这是什么神奇操作" inline="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">尼古拉·特斯拉，图片来自mentalfloss.com</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">无线充电技术其实已经不是一个新概念。早在100多年以前，“交流电之父” 尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）就描绘了无线充电的蓝图。追随着特斯拉的脚步，无数科学家对无线充电开始了深入的探索。然而此前用来无线充电的装置采用的材料大部分为刚性材料，如硅和砷化镓，成本较高，充电性能也差强人意，这些缺点限制了这些装置在无线充电方面的发展。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">无处不在的 Wi-Fi 信号给了科学家们新的灵感，然而现有的装置并不能将 Wi-Fi 频段的信号转化成电能。来自麻省理工学院的德雷森豪斯及其研究团队采用一种新型柔性整流天线，用于捕捉 Wi-Fi 频段的信号，并把其转换成直流电直接为电子设备供电，也就是说，通过这项技术，电子设备就可以摆脱电池的限制，用 Wi-Fi 即可随时充电。</p><img src="https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/RJjEHSyDiD0vJo" img_width="482" img_height="171" alt="WiFi也能充电？！这是什么神奇操作" inline="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">二硫化钼基柔性整流天线 </p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">这个整流天线主要是由整流二极管和 Wi-Fi 频段的天线组成。天线用于接收 Wi-Fi 信号，整流二极管用来实现能量的转换，把交流信号转换成直流电。这种新型整流天线里面用的整流器可不一般，它是由二硫化钼（MoS2）连接不同金属相，是一种二维半导体材料，经常被用来制作柔性半导体部件。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在接触特定的化学物质后，二硫化钼的原子可以重新排列，从半导体相转化成为金属相。正是由于这种特殊的半导体-金属结构，整流器才能转换 Wi-Fi 频段的信号，同时还能降低电路的寄生电容和电阻。寄生电容和电阻越低，整流器的工作效率就越高。</p><img src="https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/RJjEHTA66yy83J" img_width="482" img_height="278" alt="WiFi也能充电？！这是什么神奇操作" inline="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">二硫化钼重新排列后从半导体相（2H）转变为金属相（1T/1T'） </p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">那么，它的工作效率能达到多少呢？研究人员在实验中发现，外部条件合适的情况下，这种柔性的整流天线最大输出功率能达到40%。换句话说，如果外部供给100 瓦的能量，这种装置可以产生 40 瓦的电力。尽管和其他刚性整流天线相比（硅基或者砷化镓基），这种整流天线的转化效率仍较低，但是二硫化钼价格相对更低，并且无毒无害，更重要的是，二硫化钼基整流天线是一种完全柔性装置，这也就意味着它的面积可做得很大，直接覆盖在物体的表面。种种特性都使它的应用前景更为广阔，比如用在可穿戴设备、植入医疗设备，甚至现在大为热门的可弯折手机。</p><img src="https://p1-tt.byteimg.com/origin/pgc-image/RJjEHTM3RrswKb" img_width="482" img_height="343" alt="WiFi也能充电？！这是什么神奇操作" inline="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 10px auto; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">与传统整流天线效率转换对比（红色为二硫化钼基整流天线）</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 16px 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">研究人员表示，这项研究可以说是无线充电发展中的一个里程碑。随着研究不断深入，装置的不断优化，也许在不久的将来，我们真的可以利用无处不在的 Wi-Fi 信号高速上网，同时也可以用 Wi-Fi 信号快速地为各类电子设备充电。</p>
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