自行车交通规划 Bicycle Transportation Plan [PDF]

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资源信息： 中文名: 自行车交通规划 原名: Bicycle Transportation Plan 别名: 国外城规划化经典教材系列 资源格式: PDF 发行时间: 2000年9月 地区: 美国 语言: 英文 概述:

介绍 在麦迪逊市区和countywide，骑自行车是一种重要的交通方式，能够提供给 所有年龄段和社会经济水平的人们。在城市地区，骑自行车是一种高效便捷的交通方式。 如汽车，自行车提供了高度的独立性，灵活性和自由选择的相对计划和目标。 骑自行车休闲也很受欢迎。麦迪逊市区有50英里长的休闲自行车和通勤共同使用的道路。乡镇公路和许多乡村公路为骑自行车提供更为出色的自行车路线。两个主要国家自行车步道军事岭步道和冰川Drumlin 径贯穿县。新建的首都城市步道连接到军事岭步道和约翰Nolen驱动/地峡自行车路径。 Introduction Bicycling is an important mode of transportation in the Madison urban area and countywide that is available to people of all ages and socioeconomic levels. Bicycling is a particularly efficient and convenient form of transportation in urban areas. Like the automobile, bicycling provides a high degree of independence, flexibility, and freedom of choice relative to schedule and destination. Recreational bicycling also continues to be very popular. The Madison urban area has 50 miles of shared-use paths, which are popular for recreational bicyclists as well as commuters. Rural town roads and many county roadways provide excellent routes for bicycling in the county. Two major state bicycle trails—the Military Ridge Trail and Glacial Drumlin Trail—run through the county. The newly built Capital City Trail connects to the Military Ridge Trail and the John Nolen Drive/Isthmus Bicycle Paths. Bicycle Plan Purposes Refine the Bicycle Plan Element of the adopted Vision 2020 Dane County Land Use & Transportation Plan (1997), which provides the overall policy framework for development and transportation improvements within the county. Serve as a blueprint for continuing to improve bicycling conditions and safety and increase bicycling levels. Identify desirable bicycle routes within Dane County, including routes into and out of the Madison area and connections between cities and villages. Serve as a framework for cooperation between state agencies, the county, and local governments in planning for and developing bicycle facilities. Educate citizens and policy makers on bicycle transportation and the needs of bicyclists. Provide guidelines for planning, designing,and maintaining bicycle facilities. Bicycle Plan Scope and Planning Process This plan serves to update and supersede the 1991 Bicycle Transportation Plan for Madison and Dane County. The plan follows the recommended comprehensive approach to bicycle transportation planning, covering the “Four Es” of engineering (facility improvements), education, encouragement, and enforcement. The plan identifies on-street bicycle facility (generally bike lane/ paved shoulder) needs and recommends off-street paths/trails and bicycle routes for the Madison urban area and Dane County. An analysis was done of the suitability for bicycling of existing roadways in the Madison urban area and rural Dane County. This information was used to identify on-street bicycle facility needs, and in particular, travel corridors that serve as barriers to bicyclist mobility due to their low compatibility for bicycling and the lack of reasonably direct alternative routes. Existing land use, transportation and parks and open space plans have been integrated into the bicycle plan. Recommended bicycle facilities in these plans have been included in the bicycle plan to the extent they fit within the regional scope of the plan. Along with facility improvements, education and encouragement are important elements in increasing bicycling while also improving safety. Together, they can improve the skills and confidence of bicyclists to ride safely in traffic, which is critical for increasing their effective mobility. The plan makes recommendations for building upon current education and encouragement activities. and maintaining bicycle facilities. 目录: Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction A. Bicycle Plan Scope and Purposes .................................................................................. 1 Plan Scope ................................................................................................2 Plan Purposes ............................................................................................2 B. Legislative and Planning Context ................................................................................. 3 Relationship to Other Bicycle and Local Plans ...............................................................................4 C. Public Participation ................................................................................................. 5 D. Plan Organization.................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 2 The Importance of Bicycling and Bicyclists’ Needs A. The Benefits of Bicycling ................................................................................................... 7 B. Improving Bicycling Conditions ......................................................................................... 8 Meet the Needs of All Types of Bicyclists ......................................................................................8 Accommodate Bicyclists on Roadways ............................................................................................8 Provide Appropriate Facilities ...........................................................................................................9 Provide Safe Intersections and Street Crossings .......................................................................... 10 Ensure That Traffic Signals Work for Bicyclists .......................................................................... 11 Eliminate Barriers and Hazards to Bicyclists ................................................................................ 11 Utilize Opportunities for Off-Street Facilities ............................................................................. 12 Ensure Regular Facility Maintenance ............................................................................................ 12 Implement Neighborhood Traffic Management Strategies ....................................................... 13 Provide Convenient, Secure Parking and Other Ancillary Facilities ......................................... 13 Provide Intermodal Connections .............................................................................................. 13 Bicycle-Friendly Land Use and Street Design .............................................................................. 14 Provide Education and Training Opportunities and Encouragement...................................... 15 Enforce Traffic Laws ......................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 3 Existing Bicycle Travel and Conditions A. Existing Bicycle Travel ...................................................................................................... 17 Bicycling Levels .......................................................................................................... 17 Bicycle Trip Characteristics ............................................................................... 19 Bicyclist Demographics .......................................................................................... 19 B. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in the Madison Urban Area ..........................20 On-Street Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................. 20 Bicycle Compatibility Evaluation of Madison Area Roadways ................................................. 23 Off-Street Bicycle Facilities ............................................................................................. 31 Bicycle Parking Facilities and Access to Transit ........................................................................... 32 Planned Bicycle Facilities with Approval Funding ...................................................................... 32 C. Existing Bicycle Facilities and Conditions in Dane County .............................................33 On-Road Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................ 33 Bicycle Suitability Analysis of Rural Roadways in Dane County .............................................. 33 Bicycle Facilities Associated with Utility or Natural Resource Corridors ................................ 34 Planned Facilities with Approved Funding................................................................................... 34 i Chapter 4 Existing Policies and Plans Related to Bicycling A. Federal Transportation Policy ............................................................................................37 B. State Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Programs ........................................................38 Translinks 21 ........................................................................................................... 38 State Bicycle Transportation Plan .................................................................................................. 38 WisDOT Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities on State Highways ....................... 38 WisDOT Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Program ........................................................ 38 C. Madison Area MPO Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ..................................................39 Dane County Land Use & Transportation Plan .......................................................................... 39 MPO Project Ranking Process ....................................................................................................... 39 D. County Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies .......................................................................39 Dane County Land Use and Transportation Plan ....................................................................... 39 Dane County Executive Design Dane! Report ............................................................................... 39 Dane County Highway and Transportation Department Policies and Programs ................... 40 County Parks and Open Space Plan .............................................................................................. 40 Northern Lake Mendota Regional Plan ........................................................................................ 40 E. Local Community Bicycle-Related Plans, Policies, and Regulations ............................... 41 Central Urban Area Communities ................................................................................................. 41 University of Wisconsin ................................................................................................... 44 Outer Area Communities .......................................................................................... 44 Chapter 5 Bicycle Operation and Safety Considerations and Current Educational, Encouragement, and Enforcement Programs and Activities A. Wisconsin Laws Governing Bicyclists ...............................................................................45 Lake Positioning, Use of Shoulders, Turning .............................................................................. 45 Passing Clearances .................................................................................................. 45 Riding Two Abreast ............................................................................................... 45 Use of Sidewalks ..................................................................................................... 45 Use of Off-Street Paths ................................................................................................. 46 Bicycling at Night ....................................................................................................... 46 Regulatory Authority of Local Governments .............................................................................. 46 B. Bicycle Crashes ...................................................................................................46 Trends and Characteristics of Bicycle Crashes and Bicyclists Involved in Them................... 46 Bicycle Crash Types and Contributing Factors ............................................................................ 48 Summary ................................................................................................ 50 C. Bicycle Safety Education and Training .............................................................................50 Existing Bicycle Safety and Training Programs and Resources ................................................. 50 D. Encouragement Activities and Policies .............................................................................52 Information and Maps ................................................................................................. 52 Programs and Projects ................................................................................................ 52 Events .............................................................................................. 53 E. Enforcement ...................................................................................53 ii Chapter 6 Making the Region an Even Better Place to Bicycle: Goals and Objectives and Recommended Actions A. Vision, Goals, and Objectives ............................................................................................55 Bicycling Vision for the Region ...................................................................................................... 55 Bicycle Plan Goals ................................................................................................ 55 Bicycle Plan Objectives ........................................................................................... 55 B. Recommended Actions ......................................................................................................58 Bicycle Facilities Planning and Development............................................................................... 58 Facilities Maintenance ................................................................................................ 63 Parking and Other End-of-Trip Facilities ..................................................................................... 64 Education and Encouragement Programs.................................................................................... 66 Enforcement .................................................................................... 68 Plan Implementation...................................................................................... 69 Chapter 7 Recommended Madison Urban Area and County Bicycle Facility Plans A. Recommended Madison Urban Area Bicycle Facilities Plan ........................................... 71 B. Recommended Countywide Bicycle Facilities Plan ..........................................................85 C. Bicycle Plan Costs and Funding Sources ..........................................................................88 Bicycle Plan Costs ...................................................................................................... 88 Bicycle Plan Funding Sources ....................................................................................... 101 D. Transportation Improvement Programming Process ...................................................... 106 iii Appendices Appendix A: Design Guidelines for Bicycle Facilities A. Introduction ............................................................................................ A-1 Purpose of the Guidelines .................................................................................................. A-1 Plan Policy Regarding Provision of Bicycle Facilities ...................................................................... A-1 Definitions................................................................................................. A-2 B. The Design Bicyclist ....................................................................................................... A-3 C. Types of Bicycle Facilities .............................................................................................. A-3 Shared Roadways ................................................................................... A-3 Wide Curb Lanes ............................................................................... A-4 Wide Streets with Low Parking Occupancy ............................................................................... A-4 Signed Shared Roadway .......................................................................................... A-5 Bicycle Boulevard .................................................................................................. A-5 Bicycle Lanes .............................................................................................. A-6 Location within Street Cross-Section and Width ...................................................................... A-7 Signing and Marking ................................................................................... A-7 Bicycle/Parking and Bus/Bicycle Lanes ..................................................................................... A-8 Contra-Flow Bicycle Lanes ...................................................................................................... A-8 Bicycle Lane Treatments at Intersections ................................................................................... A-9 Retrofitting Streets with Bike Lanes ............................................................................................ A-13 Paved Shoulders on Rural Roadways .................................................................................................. A-14 Width Standards ......................................................................................... A-14 iv Shared-Use Paths .................................................................................................... A-15 Width and Clearance ............................................................................... A-16 Pavement Structure and Drainage ............................................................................................... A-16 Curb Cuts ............................................................................................. A-17 Path-Roadway Intersections ....................................................................................... A-17 Undesirability of Sidewalk Bikeways ...........................................................................................A-18 D. Traffic Signals ............................................................................... A-19 Signal Timing ............................................................................... A-19 Demand-Actuated Signals.......................................................................................... A-19 Programmed Visibility Signals ............................................................................................. A-20 E. Additional Design Considerations .................................................................................. A-20 Road Hazards ................................................................................... A-20 Drainage Grates and Utility Covers ............................................................................................. A-20 At-Grade Railroad Crossings ......................................................................... A-20 Rumble Strips .................................................................................... A-21 Lighting ....................................................................................... A-21 Structures ......................................................................................... A-21 Roadway Bridges ................................................................................... A-21 Shared-Use Path Over/Underpasses ................................................................................ A-22 Traffic Calming Devices: Considerations for Bicyclists ................................................................... A-22 Bicycle Network Continuity During Construction or Other Travel Disruptions ........................ A-23 F. Maintenance ......................................................................................... A-24 Pavement Surfaces .................................................................................................... A-24 Removal of Debris.................................................................................... A-24 Snow and Ice Removal ............................................................................ A-24 Signs, Stripes, Legends.............................................................................. A-24 Encroaching Vegetation ............................................................................... A-24 G. Bicycle Parking ...................................................................................... A-25 Dimensions and Location ...................................................................................... A-25 Number of Spaces .................................................................................... A-25 Bicycle Racks ................................................................................... A-26 Appendix B: Bicycle Parking Rack Selection Appendix C: Federal and State Discretionary Funding Sources for Bicycle Transportation Projects Appendix D: List of Abbreviations Table Page Chapter 3 1 Transportation to Work: 1990 ............................................................................................................18 2 Trip Purpose Distribution ............................................................................... 19 3 Distance That UW Students and Employees Who Commute by Bicycle Live from Campus........................................................................................... 19 4 Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI) Ranges Associated with Level of Service (LOS) Designations .......................................................................................... 24 Chapter 5 5 Age Distribution of Bicyclists Involved in Crashes: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990..............47 6 Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes in Dane County by Municipality: 1994–1998 ........................... 47 7 Bicycle Injury Rate by Speed of Motor Vehicle: Wisconsin 1989–1998 .....................................48 8 Bicyclist-Motorist Crashes by Crash Type: Madison, Wisconsin 1987–1990 .............................. 49 Chapter 7 9 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison Urban Area .................................................................................77 10 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in the Madison Urban Area ......................................................................................81 11 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 86 12 Prioritized List of On-Street Bicycle Facility Improvement Needs in Dane County ................ 95 13 Prioritized List of Off-Street Bicycle Facility Projects in Dane County ......................................99 14 Unit Costs for Bicycle Facilities ........................................................... 102 15 Federal and State Funding Opportunities for Bicycle Facilities and Programs ........................ 105 Figure Page Chapter 3 1 Existing Bicycle Facilities in the Madison Urban Area .................................................................. 26 2 Existing Bicycle Routes in the Madison Urban Area......................................................................28 3 Bicycle Compatibility of Madison Urban Area Roadways ............................................................30 4 Existing Conditions and Facilities for Bicyclists in Dane County ................................................36 Chapter 7 5 Madison Area Bicycle Facilities Plan .................................................................................................74 6 Madison Area Bicycle Route Plan ..................................................................................................... 76 7 Key Project Links in Regional Bicycle Travel Corridors ................................................................ 90 8 Dane County Bicycle Facilities Plan ..................................................................................................92 9 Dane County Bicycle Route Plan ...................................................................................................... 94